The knee is a joint that works like a hinge. It is formed where the thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia), and kneecap (patella) meet. It is supported by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It is also lined with cushioning cartilage. Over time, cartilage can wear away. As it does, the knee becomes stiff and painful. An artificial knee joint (prosthesis) can replace the painful joint and restore movement.
A healthy knee
A healthy knee joint bends easily. Cartilage is a smooth tissue. It covers the ends of the thighbone and shinbone and the underside of the kneecap. Healthy cartilage absorbs stress and allows the bones to glide freely over each other. Joint fluid lubricates the cartilage surfaces, making movement even easier.
A problem knee
A problem knee is often stiff and painful. Cartilage cracks or wears away due to usage, inflammation, or injury. Worn, roughened cartilage no longer lets the joint glide freely. So it feels stiff and painful. As more cartilage wears away, exposed bones rub together when the knee bends, causing pain. With time, bone surfaces also become rough, making pain worse.
A knee prosthesis
A knee prosthesis lets your knee bend easily again. The roughened ends of the thighbone and shinbone and the underside of the kneecap are replaced with metal and strong plastic parts. With new smooth surfaces, the bones can once again glide freely without pain. A knee prosthesis does have limits. But it can let you walk and move with greater comfort.
